Speakers and listeners exploit word order for communicative efficiency: A cross-linguistic investigation.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Pragmatic theories and computational models of reference must account for people's frequent use redundant color adjectives (e.g., referring to a single triangle as the blue triangle). The standard pragmatic view holds that informativity referential expression depends on contrast: Color should be used contrast competitors same kind preempt an ambiguity between several triangles different colors), otherwise they are redundant. Here we propose alternative view, incremental efficiency hypothesis, according which calculated incrementally over entire visual context. This is first theoretical sensitive incrementality language processing, making cross-linguistic predictions depending word order. Experiment 1 confirmed English speakers produced more triangle) than Spanish el triangulo azul), but both groups in denser displays where it would efficient. In Experiments 2A 2B, eye tracking show not processing constraint. Instead, determine listeners establish across categories (BLUE SHAPES > TRIANGULAR ONE), whereas within category (TRIANGLES BLUE ONE). listeners, however, reversed their search strategy when tested immediately after. Our results languages exploit order increase communicative efficiency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0096-3445', '1939-2222']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000963